Wedoany.com Report-Oct. 16, Chinese scientists have achieved a significant milestone in renewable energy by developing a tin-based solar cell that matches the efficiency of traditional lead-based models while eliminating environmental and health concerns. The findings, published in Nature on Wednesday, October 15, 2025, could pave the way for broader adoption of perovskite photovoltaics in various applications.

Perovskite solar cells are recognized for their high efficiency and low production costs, but the use of toxic lead has posed challenges for widespread use. A team led by researchers from Fudan University has created a lead-free alternative, achieving a record-breaking power conversion efficiency of 17.7%, the highest reported for tin-based cells to date.

Liang Jia, the study’s co-corresponding author, stated: “Our goal was to create a solar cell that is truly green throughout its lifecycle. Tin offers an ideal solution since it is abundant, safe, highly compatible with solar energy conversion, and easy to manufacture at scale.”

Previous tin-based cells faced limitations, with efficiencies below 10% due to the oxidation of tin ions and unstable interfaces between layers. The Fudan team addressed these issues by introducing a molecular film to create a uniform interfacial layer with optimized energy alignment. This innovation results in a “superwetting” underlayer that supports the formation of high-quality tin-based perovskite films with fewer defects, enhancing performance.

Liang noted that tin-based solar cells are significantly more cost-effective than silicon-based counterparts, making them an attractive option for large-scale production. The technology is well-suited for applications such as building-integrated photovoltaics, wearable energy devices, vehicle rooftops, and off-grid clean-power systems, particularly in settings requiring close human interaction due to its non-toxic nature.

This breakthrough supports the global push for sustainable energy solutions by offering an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional solar cells. The high efficiency and scalability of tin-based cells could accelerate their integration into diverse energy systems, reducing reliance on hazardous materials.

The research underscores China’s contributions to advancing green technology, with potential applications that enhance energy access while prioritizing safety and sustainability. The team’s innovations in material design and interface engineering set a new standard for perovskite solar cell development.

As the technology matures, it is expected to play a key role in expanding renewable energy infrastructure worldwide, supporting industries and communities with efficient, eco-friendly power solutions.